Complete List of 12th Science Subjects with Key Topics
The science stream in Class 12 is a stepping stone for careers in engineering, medicine, and research. Here's a comprehensive list of subjects in the science stream, along with the key topics covered in each.
1. Physics
Physics is the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. It forms the backbone of engineering and technology.
- Mechanics: Laws of motion, Work, Energy, and Power
- Electrodynamics: Current electricity, Electromagnetic waves
- Optics: Reflection, Refraction, and Optical instruments
- Thermodynamics: Heat, Work, and Laws of Thermodynamics
- Modern Physics: Atomic structure, Radioactivity, and Semiconductors
2. Chemistry
Chemistry explores the composition, structure, and properties of substances. It is divided into three main sections: Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry.
- Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Electrochemistry, Chemical Kinetics
- Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Inorganic Chemistry: Periodic table, Coordination compounds, and Chemical bonding
3. Biology
Biology is the study of life and living organisms. It is essential for students aiming for a career in medicine, biotechnology, or genetics.
- Human Physiology: Circulatory system, Digestive system, and Nervous system
- Genetics and Evolution: Mendel’s laws, DNA structure, and Evolutionary theory
- Ecology: Ecosystem, Biodiversity, and Conservation
4. Mathematics
Mathematics is crucial for students aspiring to pursue engineering, data science, or other technical fields.
- Algebra: Matrices, Determinants, and Complex numbers
- Calculus: Derivatives, Integration, and Differential equations
- Probability: Permutations, Combinations, and Probability theory
5. Computer Science
Computer Science is an optional subject that focuses on programming and computational logic.
- Programming: C++, Python, and Java basics
- Data Structures: Arrays, Linked lists, and Stacks
- Database Management: SQL basics and Relational databases
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Choosing the right combination of subjects and understanding the key topics will help you excel in your studies and prepare for competitive exams like JEE, NEET, and others.